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Loading ... the universe, matter, evolution ...
Scale of distances in space
"If the sun was an orange, the Earth would be a pinhead 15 meters from turning orange, a cherry Jupiter turning 77 meters, Pluto is a grain of sand running at 580 meters, and Proxima Centauri, the star closest to Earth, would be located 4000 kilometers! "
Some basic facts about the universe ...
Speed of light: 300,000 km / second
A light year: 10.000 billion km
Earth-Sun distance: 8 light-minutes
Diameter of our galaxy: 100,000 light years
Assumed diameter of the universe 15 billion light-years
Average distance between galaxies: 1 million light-years
Number of stars in our galaxy: 100 billion
Number of humans that lived on Earth since humanity is: 100 000 000 000
Age of the universe 15 billion years
Age of the Galaxy: 8 billion years
Age of the Sun and the Earth: 4.5 billion annéess
Time of revolution around the sun in our galaxy: 200 million years
Number of cells in a human: 100,000 billion
Elementary particles in a human: 30 billion billion billion
Number of atoms in a cell: 1000000000000
Number of quarks in a cm3 of water: 2 million billion billion
Number of neurons in the brain: 100 billion (in adulthood)
Potential connections per neuron: 10,000 connections (or synapses)
Potential connections in the brain: a million billion
Distance of the closest stars to us
in light years
Proxima: 2
Rigel Kent: 3
Sirius: 8
Barnard's star: 8
Procyon: 11
Altaïr: 14
Sun: 0.00001
Cosmic radiation
Cosmic rays consist of various high-energy particles from space and sun. They are able to cross any material at nearly the speed of light. We are constantly traversed by these particles.
The amount of cosmic rays received on an area equivalent to the palm of the hand is 655 parts per hour, about 11 particles per minute.
Superstring
Superstring theory is currently the case the most advanced and most promising to discover the ultimate foundations of matter. All particles that constitute matter (protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, photons, etc.) would in fact be the emanation of a single entity, called "superstring" and that would be a vibration, like a musical note. According to the wavelength of this vibration, the string would appear as a particular particle in the world of matter.
From this point of view, the universe would be ... the music! Music notes which form a symphony rather than noise ...
E = MC2
Energy = mass x speed of light squared
Einstein's equation E = MC2 means two very important things:
1 - equivalent to the energy field. The material may be transformed into energy and vice versa
2 - A very small mass of matter contains a tremendous energy.
The atomic bomb is an application of this principle. By breaking the cohesion of the nucleus of an atom, we release a huge energy, which is paradoxically at the infinitesimal.
We can imagine the energy in the billions of atoms that make up our body ...
